Buying Guide: Selecting Carbide Inserts for Metalworking

Last but not least is the whole topic of insert nomenclature. It’s a deep subject, one filled with exceptions and cutting tool-specific rules. Regardless, most manufacturers follow the ANSI or ISO tool identification system (and sometimes both). We won’t get into the details here except to say that it uses an alphanumeric code to specifies an insert’s shape (round, square, triangular, etc.), clearance angle (neutral to positive), tolerance (some inserts are pressed to size, while others are ground), the size of the locating hole (if any) and clamping method, its size and thickness, corner radii, and various other defining features (see the chart above for an example).

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Complex naming systems aside, however, choosing the right insert for your machining application isn’t as difficult as it might appear. That’s because cutting tool manufacturers have developed online tool advisors that walk machinists and programmers through the tool selection process. For example, Kennametal’s NOVO prompts users to answer questions about the metal removal process (milling, turning, or holemaking), the machine tool that will be used, workpiece material and removal amount, and expected depths of cut. It then generates a machining strategy along with insert and toolholder suggestions, ordering information, product availability, feed and speed recommendations, and more.

Long story short, carbide insert selection is much easier than it once was, even though the number of cutting tool options has grown exponentially since the days of brazed carbide and HSS tool bits. Download a catalog, log in to NOVO, or give your local cutting tool representative a call. You’ll be making chips in no time.

Tungsten carbide is a popular material for cutting tools due to its high hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. However, when buying tungsten carbide for making cutting tools, there are several factors that you should pay attention to in order to ensure that you get the best possible performance.

Grain size

One of the most important factors to consider when buying tungsten carbide is the grain size. The grain size refers to the size of the individual tungsten carbide particles that make up the material. A smaller grain size generally results in better wear resistance and toughness. This is because smaller grains provide more points of contact between the tungsten carbide particles, which helps to distribute stress more evenly throughout the material.

Cobalt content

Cobalt is often added to tungsten carbide to improve its toughness. However, too much cobalt can reduce its hardness and wear resistance. It is important to strike a balance between toughness and wear resistance when choosing a tungsten carbide grade for your cutting tools. Generally, grades with higher cobalt content are more suitable for applications that require high impact resistance, while grades with lower cobalt content are more suitable for applications that require high wear resistance.

Binder type

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The type of binder used can also affect the properties of the tungsten carbide. Common binder materials include cobalt, nickel, and iron. Cobalt is the most commonly used binder material, as it provides good toughness and corrosion resistance. Nickel is sometimes used as a binder material in applications that require high-temperature resistance, while iron is used in applications that require good magnetic properties.

Grade

Tungsten carbide is available in a range of grades, which are designed for specific applications. There are many different factors that can affect the performance of tungsten carbide cutting tools, including the type of material being cut, the geometry of the tool, and the cutting conditions. Be sure to choose the right grade for your needs, based on factors such as wear resistance, toughness, and thermal stability.

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