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Why Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) Are The Future of Power

The world is facing an urgent need to decarbonize the power sector and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar are key to achieving this goal, but they also pose challenges for the electricity grid due to their variable and intermittent nature. How can we ensure a reliable, resilient, and affordable supply of electricity while increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix?

One promising solution is battery energy storage systems (BESS), which are devices that can store energy from different sources and discharge it when needed. BESS can help balance the electric grid, provide backup power, improve grid stability, and enable new revenue streams for energy producers and consumers.

What is the BESS?

BESS are rechargeable batteries that can store energy from different sources and discharge it when needed. They consist of one or more batteries and other components such as inverters, control systems, and sensors. BESS can be used for various applications such as peak shaving, microgrids, frequency regulation, demand response, voltage support, black start, islanding, and more.

There are different types of batteries available for BESS depending on the needs and preferences of the users. Some of the most common types are lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion), lead-acid batteries (PbA), flow batteries (FB), sodium-sulfur batteries (NaS), nickel-cadmium batteries (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride batteries (NiMH), flywheels (FW), supercapacitors (SC), etc.

Each type of battery has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, efficiency, performance, lifetime, safety, environmental impact, and scalability.

Why is BESS important?

BESS offers many benefits over traditional grid storage solutions such as pumped hydro storage (PHS) or compressed air energy storage (CAES). Some of these benefits are:

 

- Greater flexibility: BESS can be installed anywhere on the grid or off-grid without geographical constraints or environmental impacts. They can also be easily integrated with renewable energy sources or other distributed generation technologies.

- Greater scalability: BESS can be sized according to the specific needs of each application or user. They can also be modularly expanded or reduced without affecting their performance or efficiency.

- Lower costs: BESS have lower capital costs than PHS or CAES due to their smaller footprint and simpler installation process. They also have lower operational costs due to their higher efficiency and lower maintenance requirements.

- Higher efficiency: BESS have higher round-trip efficiency than PHS or CAES due to their lower energy losses during charging and discharging cycles. They also have faster response times when powering equipment or devices.

- New revenue streams: BESS can enable new business models for energy producers and consumers by allowing them to participate in various ancillary services markets such as frequency regulation, demand response, or capacity markets. They can also reduce their electricity bills by peak shaving or arbitrage.

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Do you know about the advantages and disadvantages of eight energy storage batteries?

Energy storage mainly refers to the storage of electrical energy. Energy storage is another term in oil reservoirs, which represents the ability of the reservoir to store oil and gas. Energy storage itself is not an emerging technology, but from an industrial perspective, it has just emerged and is in its infancy.

Energy storage is mainly based on the following two points:

1. The wind power photovoltaic industry promotes the development of the large-capacity energy storage industry.

Energy storage technology solves the problems of randomness and volatility of new energy power generation to a large extent, can achieve smooth output of new energy power generation, and can effectively adjust the changes in grid voltage, frequency and phase caused by new energy power generation, so that large-scale Wind and photovoltaic power generation can be easily and reliably integrated into the conventional grid.

2. Electric vehicles and other new energy vehicles promote the development of the battery energy storage industry.

Lead-acid batteries are generally used in high-power battery energy storage applications, which are mainly used for emergency power supply, battery vehicles, and power plant surplus energy storage. In low-power occasions, rechargeable dry batteries can also be used: such as nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc.

In daily life, we have a great chance of contracting energy storage batteries, so let's take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used battery energy storage.

1 The main advantages of lead-acid batteries:

1. The raw materials are easily available and the price is relatively low;

2. Good high-rate discharge performance;

3. Good temperature performance, can work in the environment of -40 ~ +60 &#;;

4. Suitable for floating charging, long service life and no memory effect;

5. Used batteries are easy to recycle, which is conducive to protecting the environment.

Main disadvantages:

1. Low specific energy, generally 30-40Wh/kg;

2. The service life is not as good as that of Cd/Ni batteries;

3. The manufacturing process is easy to pollute the environment and must be equipped with three waste treatment equipment.

2 Main advantages of NiMH batteries:

1. Compared with lead-acid batteries, the energy density is greatly improved, the weight energy density is 65Wh/kg, and the volume energy density is increased by 200Wh/L;

2. High power density, can charge and discharge with large current;

3. Good low temperature discharge characteristics;

4. Cycle life (up to times);

5. Environmental protection and no pollution;

6. The technology is more mature than lithium-ion batteries.

Main disadvantages:

1. The normal working temperature range is -15~40&#;, and the high temperature performance is poor;

2. The working voltage is low, the working voltage range is 1.0~1.4V;

3. The price is more expensive than lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, but the performance is worse than that of lithium-ion batteries.

3 The main advantages of lithium-ion batteries:

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1. High specific energy;

2. High voltage platform;

3. Good cycle performance;

4. No memory effect;

5. Environmental protection, no pollution; it is currently one of the best potential electric vehicle power batteries.

4 The main advantages of super capacitors:

1. High power density;

2. Short charging time.

Main disadvantages:

The energy density is low, only 1-10Wh/kg, and the cruising range of supercapacitors is too short to be used as the mainstream power supply for electric vehicles.

Advantages and disadvantages of battery energy storage (nine types of energy storage battery analysis)

5 Main advantages of fuel cells:

1. High specific energy and long driving mileage;

2. High power density, can charge and discharge with large current;

3. Environmental protection, no pollution.

Main disadvantages:

1. The system is complex and the technology maturity is poor;

2. The construction of hydrogen supply system is lagging behind;

3. There are high requirements for sulfur dioxide in the air. Due to the serious domestic air pollution, the domestic fuel cell vehicles have a short lifespan.

6 Nasulfur battery advantages:

1. High specific energy (theoretical 760wh/kg; actual 390wh/kg);

2. High power (discharge current density can reach 200&#;300mA/cm2);

3. Fast charging speed (30min full);

4. Long life (15 years; or to times);

5. Non-polluting and recyclable (Na, S recovery rate is nearly 100%);

6. No self-discharge phenomenon, high energy conversion rate;

insufficient:

1. The working temperature is high, the working temperature is between 300 and 350 degrees, and the battery needs a certain amount of heating and heat preservation when working, and the startup is slow;

2. The price is expensive, 10,000 yuan per degree;

3. Poor security.

7 flow battery (vanadium battery)

Advantage:

1. Safe and deep discharge;

2. Large scale, unlimited storage tank size;

3. There is a large charge and discharge rate;

4. Long life and high reliability;

5. No emission, low noise;

6. Fast charging and discharging switching, only 0.02 seconds;

7. The site selection is not subject to geographical restrictions.

Shortcoming:

1. Cross-contamination of positive and negative electrolytes;

2. Some use expensive ion exchange membranes;

3. The two solutions have large volume and low specific energy;

4. The energy conversion efficiency is not high.

8. Fatal defects of lithium-air batteries:

The solid reaction product, lithium oxide (Li2O), accumulates on the positive electrode, blocking the contact between the electrolyte and the air, causing the discharge to stop. Scientists believe that lithium-air batteries have 10 times the performance of lithium-ion batteries and can provide the same amount of energy as gasoline. Lithium-air batteries charge oxygen from the air, so the batteries can be smaller and lighter. Many laboratories around the world are researching this technology, but if there is no major breakthrough, it may take 10 years to achieve commercialization.

8 Lithium-sulfur battery

(Lithium-sulfur batteries are a promising high-capacity energy storage system)

Advantage:

1. High energy density, the theoretical energy density can reach Wh/kg;

2. Low cost of raw materials;

3. Less energy consumption;

4. Low toxicity.

Although lithium-sulfur battery research has gone through decades and many achievements have been made in the past 10 years, there is still a long way to go from practical application.

Energy storage technology can be said to be the core of the new energy industry revolution, promoting the development of new energy. Energy storage battery is an important part of energy storage technology. In the future, the share of energy storage battery in the market will become larger and larger, and the scope of the energy storage battery will be more and more involved. The safety of energy storage battery must also be very cautious. . Before this, there have been many safety problems caused by battery accidents, which have attracted the attention of consumers. Therefore, before the battery is put into the market, the safety inspection must be formal and strict, so as to win the trust of consumers and ensure the safety of use to the greatest extent.

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