The Difference Between Cylindrical, Prismatic And Pouch Cell ...

The Difference Between Cylindrical, Prismatic And Pouch Cell Batteries

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There are three main packaging forms of lithium batteries: cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch cell packages. Each packaging has its own advantages and disadvantages, which we will review in today’s article.

Among cylindrical cells, we have types like 14650, 17490, 18650, 21700, and 26500. Various car models, including Tesla's Model 3, utilize the 21700 cylindrical battery.

Advantage

The technology behind cylindrical lithium batteries has existed for years, leading to high yield and consistency. These batteries are cost-effective, making them ideal for mass production and ensuring their suitability for a range of electric vehicle designs.

Disadvantage

However, these batteries are often encased in steel or aluminum shells, which makes them heavier and results in lower specific energy.

Application

Cylindrical batteries are commonly used in power tools, toy models, digital electronic products, laptops, lamps, and other portable mobile energy systems.

The prismatic lithium battery typically uses aluminum alloy or stainless steel for its shell, with the internal battery using a winding or laminating process. Their structure is simple, and the production process is relatively uncomplicated.

Advantage

Compared to cylindrical lithium batteries, prismatic options are safer and lighter, featuring a higher energy density due to their simpler structure.

Disadvantage

However, the level of automation is generally low, making it difficult to standardize mass production for various types. Groups of prismatic lithium battery packs may also have a shorter lifespan compared to single units.

Application

Prismatic batteries are typically used in electric vehicles, communication base stations, energy storage, and medical fields.

Pouch cell lithium batteries differ primarily in their packaging material, which is an aluminum-plastic film. The packaging materials are generally divided into three layers: an outer barrier, a middle barrier composed of aluminum foil, and an inner multifunctional layer.

Advantage

Packaging with aluminum-plastic film provides flexibility. In the event of a safety issue, pouch batteries will bulge and crack instead of exploding or causing a fire, as the gas cannot escape.

Disadvantage

However, pouch cells usually require customization. Currently, manufacturers like Gateway Power and Himax can provide custom pouch cell batteries.

Application

Pouch cells find applications in smartphones, drones, wearable devices, the automotive industry, military fields, and more.

In summary, cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch cell batteries each have their own advantages and drawbacks, making them suitable for different leading fields and applications.

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