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Graphite electrodes are primarily used in the production and recycling of steel.

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During the process, steel scrap is melted in a large crucible (furnace) by an electric arc. This is the genesis of the name &#;Electric Arc Furnace&#; (EAF). The arc is a channel of ionized air through which electric current passes from the electrode into the steel scrap. A similar phenomenon occurs during a thunderstorm with the rapid discharge of electricity that we know as lightning.

In the steel mill, the furnace is loaded with steel scrap. Then, one column (direct current furnace) or three columns (alternating current furnace) consisting of multiple graphite electrodes screwed on top of each other, is introduced and the arc is ignited. The arc is maintained for a few minutes so that a generated temperature of around degrees Celsius can rapidly melt the scrap in the furnace. The molten steel is then poured off for further processing. This procedure is known as tapping. Typical cycle times, i.e., the time between two taps, are between 45 and 90 minutes.

Approximately one-third of the world&#;s steel is produced via EAF, making it the largest recycling process globally. Compared to steel made using a basic oxygen furnace (BOF), the EAF process bypasses around 80% of direct CO2 emissions per ton of steel.

But why do electrodes have to be made of graphite? If the electrodes that conduct the current were made of metal, like many electrical devices, it would simply melt like the scrap does. Other materials, like ceramic, can withstand the heat, but are not good conductors of electricity. It&#;s essential to have a material that can conduct an electric current without melting when exposed to elevated temperatures. Graphite is an excellent solution.

Despite its extraordinary properties, the graphite electrode is consumed during the melting process &#; primarily through oxidation. As the electrode wears down, it must be replaced by a new one. The quality of an electrode is typically measured by the rate of consumption per liquid ton of steel melted. The lower the consumption rate, the better for electric steelmakers.

When purchasing graphite electrodes, here are the things to look out for:

1. Material quality: High-quality graphite electrodes must be composed of high-purity, high-density materials, because graphite electrodes can withstand high temperature and high pressure during high-power heating. Inspection materials must meet industry standards.

2. Manufacturing process: The manufacturing process of graphite electrodes must be able to ensure the quality of the material, and at the same time be able to manufacture graphite electrodes according to the specified size and specifications.

3. Power matching: When purchasing graphite electrodes, attention should be paid to the required power range, and graphite electrodes with appropriate power must be selected.

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4. Failure rate: A graphite electrode supplier with a good reputation from the manufacturer should be selected. Avoid the temptation of low prices when purchasing, so as to avoid quality problems.

5. Machining accuracy: For graphite electrodes that need to be processed, the processing accuracy must meet the requirements, otherwise it will affect the normal operation of the equipment.

6. Size matching: When purchasing graphite electrodes, it is necessary to ensure that the selected size matches the size required by the equipment. Electrodes from different manufacturers may vary in size, so dimensions and their tolerances need to be carefully checked.

7. Brittleness: Graphite electrodes are relatively brittle and need to be kept light during transportation and use. When selecting graphite electrodes, it is necessary to select high-quality electrodes, and to adopt correct handling tools and methods to avoid the electrodes from being damaged and broken.

8. Cleaning and maintenance: During the use of graphite electrodes, regular cleaning and maintenance are required to prolong the service life of the electrodes. During the storage and use of the electrode, attention should be paid to the electrode surface not being polluted and damp, so as to avoid problems such as corrosion and deformation of the electrode.

9. Delivery cycle: When choosing a graphite electrode supplier, pay attention to its delivery cycle to ensure that the required electrode can arrive within the required time. There may also be differences in the production cycle and delivery cycle of different manufacturers, which need to be understood in advance.

10. Service and support: Good service and support are important advantages of graphite electrode suppliers, including technical support, after-sales service, etc., which can greatly reduce the confusion and doubts of operators during use, so as to maximize the use of graphite electrodes role.

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