What You Need to Know About Installing AC Condensers

If you're considering the installation of a condenser for a central air conditioning system, it’s crucial to understand key aspects associated with this process. This guide will address common queries homeowners often have about condenser placement.

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Understanding the Role of an Air Conditioner Condenser

The condenser is a vital component of the air conditioning system, performing the essential task of condensing refrigerant vapor into a liquid form. This process is fundamental for the efficient cooling of your home.

Here's how the condenser operates:

• Indoor coil function. The interior coil, also referred to as the evaporator, circulates a chemical refrigerant that absorbs heat from your home.
• Vapor transportation. The heated vapor is then directed to the outdoor condenser unit by the compressor.
• Cooling the vapor. Within the condenser, the gaseous refrigerant is transformed back into a liquid state, ready to re-enter the AC system for continued cooling.

With a clear understanding of how the condenser functions, we can explore its proper placement within your air conditioning system.

Ideal Location for the AC Condenser

In central air conditioning systems and ductless mini-splits, there’s a partnership between indoor and outdoor components. The outdoor condenser must always be installed outside your home, avoiding locations such as attics, basements, garages, or crawlspaces.

But why is outdoor installation critical? Here are the main reasons:

• Air supply needs. The condenser requires an adequate supply of outdoor air to effectively cool the refrigerant.
• Necessary airflow. Sufficient airflow is essential for optimal performance, which cannot be achieved indoors.
• Heat regulation. An outdoor installation allows the condenser to efficiently release heat, avoiding warmth buildup inside the home that can compromise cooling efficiency.

Even if your yard is generally suitable for the condenser, it's vital to select a precise spot with careful consideration.

Factors to Consider When Installing an AC Condenser

The strategic placement of the AC condenser can enhance the overall performance of your air conditioning system while reducing risks of damage or safety issues.

Before deciding on a placement, contemplate the following:

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• Sun exposure. Will your condenser be exposed to direct sunlight for most of the day? While this may not completely undermine its efficiency, placing it in a shaded area may enhance its operational capability.
• Tree surroundings. While shade is beneficial, ensure there are no low-hanging branches or damaged trees nearby that could pose a risk. Falling debris can obstruct or break the unit.
• Proximity to shrubs. Free-flowing air is crucial for the condenser; avoid clogging it with dense vegetation or tight shrubs.
• Ground stability. Ensure the condenser is placed on a level surface. Uneven ground or extensive dips can hinder performance, so consider installing a concrete pad if necessary.
• Safety considerations. Keep the condenser away from areas frequently accessed by children or pets.

If you remain uncertain about the best location for your condenser, consult a professional. An HVAC contractor can assess your outdoor space and recommend the optimal spot for installation.

If you require a new air conditioning system, reach out to Comfort Technology Heating & Air Conditioning for further assistance.

© This information is derived from ASHRAE Journal, vol. 61, no. 1, January.

By George Games, P.E., Member ASHRAE

About the Author
George Games, P.E., is a design engineer and owner/principal of North East HVAC Engineering and Consulting, LLC, based in East Brunswick, New Jersey.

Previously, I provided an article in the June edition of ASHRAE Journal detailing problematic installations of split system air-cooled DX condensing units. Here, I will expand upon that discussion and include additional examples of various installation issues, supported by images and diagrams.

The initial article highlighted how improper layout can adversely affect performance and airflow through the units, such as units positioned too closely together or near walls, emphasizing the need for maintaining minimum clearance around units for effective cooling airflow.

Importance of Unit Airflow

Unrestricted airflow through a condensing unit is critical, as the amount of air circulated across the condenser coils significantly influences the unit's cooling capacity. The factory designs the unit to transport adequate airflow as specified by the design requirements, achieved through selecting suitable fans and motors.

A range of factors, including fan size, blade pitch, blade number, and RPM, determines the airflow required by the unit. The manufacturer assumes minimal obstructions at the installation site; hence, following specified clearance guidelines around and above the unit is essential to ensure optimal airflow.

Installation manuals provide specifics on required clearances. Here are examples for different unit sizes:

For units ranging 10.4 to 25 tons (36.6 to 87.9 L/s):

1. Maintain a minimum of 36 inches (914.4 mm) clearance from walls, shrubs, fences; 72 inches (1.8 m) between adjacent units; 48 inches (1.2 m) for service access.
2. Ensure an unrestricted top discharge area of 100 inches (2.54 m) minimum and position the unit to avoid direct water runoff from roofs.
3. Keep outdoor air temperature sensor openings clear.

For units sized from 1.5 to 10 tons (5.3 to 35 L/s):
An unrestricted top discharge area to at least 5 feet high; maintain a minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) clearance from walls and adjacent shrubs, ensuring other sides are clear.

Any obstruction upstream or downstream of the unit will influence airflow; increased resistance leads to decreased airflow.

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